Understanding Limb Paralysis and Muscle Rupture in Dairy Cattle

Maintaining proper locomotion and musculoskeletal health in dairy cows is essential for productivity, comfort, and overall welfare. Below are two critical conditions affecting the hind limbs of dairy cattle that every farmer and herd manager should be aware of:

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1. Obturator Paralysis

Overview:
Obturator paralysis is commonly associated with hiplock during calving. It involves trauma or compression of the obturator nerve, leading to dysfunction of the adductor muscles of the hind limbs.

Clinical Signs:

• Inability to adduct (bring together) the hind limbs
• Lateral splaying of the legs while attempting to stand
• Stiffness or partial paralysis of the limbs

Management:

• Immediate use of slings or hip lifters to assist the cow in standing and prevent further injury
• Administration of nervine tonics as advised by a veterinarian
• Provision of a soft, non-slippery surface for the animal to rest on
• Supportive care, including monitoring feed and water intake

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2. Rupture of the Gastrocnemius Muscle

Overview:
This condition involves damage to the gastrocnemius muscle, often resulting from trauma or deficiencies—particularly selenium deficiency.

Clinical Signs:

• Sudden inability to bear weight on the hind limb
• Flaccid (limp) tendon on palpation
• Hock drops toward the ground, with the animal exhibiting difficulty rising

Risk Factors:

• Nutritional deficiencies, particularly selenium
• Slippery floors or sudden trauma during movement
• Excessive strain on the muscle during parturition or handling

Management:

• Veterinary diagnosis and supportive treatment
• Selenium supplementation in areas known to be deficient
• Limiting movement to reduce pain and prevent secondary injuries
• Pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications as prescribed

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DAIRYVERSE RECOMMENDS:
Early intervention is key. Maintain proper mineral supplementation, ensure safe calving practices, and provide adequate space to minimize slips and injuries.